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During the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) in the 1880s, thousands of Chinese migrant workers faced dangerous and deadly conditions, with estimates suggesting that for every mile of track laid, three Chinese workers died. While the exact number is debated, historical sources indicate a significant loss of life among these workers, with some estimates reaching as high as 4,000. 

Here’s a more detailed look at the situation:

• Dangerous Work:Chinese workers were often assigned the most hazardous tasks, such as handling explosives like nitroglycerin used in blasting tunnels through mountains. 
• Harsh Conditions:Beyond the immediate dangers of their work, Chinese laborers faced poor living conditions, inadequate food, and a lack of proper medical care, contributing to illness and death. 
• Financial Exploitation:They were paid less than their white counterparts and had to purchase their own tools and food, further straining their meager wages. 
• Limited Recognition:Despite their vital contributions, Chinese workers were largely excluded from the official celebrations surrounding the completion of the railway. 
• Legacy of Prejudice:The harsh conditions and high death toll highlight the systemic racism and prejudice faced by Chinese workers during this period. 

For further reading:

https://chung.library.ubc.ca/theme/351

https://www.vpl.ca/guide/chinese-canadian-genealogy/railway-construction

https://bcanuntoldhistory.knowledge.ca/1880/the-chinese-head-tax